Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

• Rubor: Redness, from hyperemia (increased blood flow) and vasodilation.

• Dolor: Pain, from (1) swelling ------> stretch sensory receptors, and (2) inflammatory mediators (bradykinins)

• Calor: Heat, but only if the inflammation is in extremities, because it comes from increased blood flow to the

periphery.

• Tumor: Swelling, from (1) inflammatory edema, and (2) Triple Response of Lewis

• Functio Laesa: Loss of function, from reflexional disuse due to main, and mechanical / structural necrosis and/or

healing